Pipeline end sealing: The final port of the entire pipeline, where no further equipment is needed, is sealed with a pipe cap to prevent media leakage and the entry of dust and debris.
Pre-installed pipe port sealing: Spare interfaces and pipe ports that may be used for future branch installations are temporarily/permanently sealed. They are closed when not in use and can be reopened for future pipeline connections.
Equipment port sealing: Excess interfaces and spare pipe ports of heat exchangers, storage tanks, pressure vessels, and reactors are sealed.
Temporary sealing for pressure testing and purging: During pipeline hydrostatic testing, airtightness testing, and purging, the pipe ends are temporarily sealed for pressure holding testing.
Bottom/end caps for small pressure vessels: Both ends of small tanks, buffer tanks, and filtration equipment are sealed.